2/27/2024 0 Comments Anti motion sickness medication![]() ![]() In the following sections, I will summarize some of these techniques, with a particular focus on behavioral methods that I have personally used to counteract VIMS. In the past, a variety of techniques trying to reduce VIMS has been introduced (for overviews see ). Therefore, it is not tolerable that the application and success of driving simulators is jeopardized by the occurrence of VIMS. For instance, driving simulators are a highly valuable and commonly used tool to train and assess driving performance following serious illness or injuries (e.g., stroke, traumatic brain injury etc.), as these patient populations cannot be safely trained and tested with real on-road driving. But more importantly, VE systems are not only used for entertainment purposes, but are gaining more importance in the context of rehabilitation and research. From a marketing point of view, this number is doubtlessly troublesome, as it might hamper the acceptance of VE systems at large. Given that VE systems are now easily accessible to everyone (e.g., through affordable head-mounted devices such as Oculus Rift, Google Cardboard, HTC Vive etc.) and are becoming more and more popular, even a small fraction of the above mentioned estimations might result in a substantial number of users who are at risk of suffering from VIMS. The prevalence of VIMS has been estimated to range from 5 % to 60 % of VE users, depending on the setup of the VE system and the task that is used. However, both the sensory conflict theory and the postural instability theory have their strengths and weaknesses (see, for a discussion) and a final evaluation is, at this stage, not possible.ĭespite the lack of theoretical understanding of VIMS as a whole, it is highly desirable to develop successful countermeasures to prevent (or at least minimize) VIMS. For instance, Stoffregen and colleagues have observed changes in postural sway in participants who later reported to be motion sick. That is, visual stimulation in VEs can cause changes in postural sway (defined as small involuntary displacements of the body) which in turn has been shown to be linked to VIMS. In contrast, the postural instability hypothesis proposes that VIMS occurs in situations in which the ability to control ones posture is challenged and/or reduced. According to the sensory conflict theory, this mismatch can result in VIMS if it is novel to the user and successful coping or adaptation strategies have not yet been established by the organism. In contrast, the vestibular and somatosensory senses signal stasis, resulting in a visual-vestibular/somatosensory conflict. In the case of VEs, the visual stimulation can-if it is compelling enough-generate the sensation of self-motion (so-called vection for overviews see ), although the VE user typically remains stationary. In other words, VIMS arises in situations when the information delivered by these senses is not in accordance with each other. The sensory conflict theory proposes that VIMS is caused by a mismatch between or within the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory senses. ![]() Two of the most prominent theories of VIMS involve sensory conflict and the role of postural control. The genesis of VIMS is not fully understood yet and several different theories try to explain this sensation. In contrast to traditional motion sickness, physical movement is often absent or limited during VIMS, instead, symptoms are typically caused by visual stimulation. Typical symptoms can range from pallor, fatigue, cold sweat, and oculomotor issues to disorientation, dizziness, nausea, and/or vomiting. Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a specific form of traditional motion sickness and can occur in users of Virtual Environments (VEs), such as in driving or flight simulators or during video games (see, for an overview). Despite the existence and the success of some of these methods, it is highly desirable to continue exploring techniques that will ultimately guarantee the well-being and safety of VE users in the future. This will include a discussion of adaptation and training, postural stability, and factors that make a VE experience more pleasant. The present paper will summarize some of the most promising countermeasures, with a particular focus on behavioral techniques. Over the past decades, several different remedies for VIMS have been introduced and tested with mixed results. The symptom cluster of VIMS is multifaceted and can include oculomotor issues, fatigue, disorientation, dizziness, and/or nausea. Unfortunately, visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is still a major issue and a common side-effect of VEs. The use of Virtual Environments (VE) is continuously growing and is becoming more important for research, rehabilitation, and entertainment.
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